SRI LANKA

SRI LANKA – 23^rd Jan to 6^th Feb 2005

Participants

S.J.DARK and R.A.HERBERT

Introduction.

Sri Lanka as a birding destination primarily for its large list of endemics and its exotic eastern atmosphere, have been very high on my places to visit list for a long time. Its predominantly Buddhist people have a great respect for all animals and as such the nature watcher has a wealth of opportunities open to him. It’s a special place for bird watchers

So after another trip collapsed because of lack of interest I decided to try again late in 2004. So with a great friend confirming his readiness to take part, I contacted the Sri Lankan Nature Tour Company, Baur & Co by e-mail (tourism@baurs.com). I’m very pleased to say that’s all it took to book this 14-day all-inclusive guided birding holiday.

The devastation caused by the Boxing days Tsunami resulted in a few extra e-mails. Our concerns were primarily focused on not wanting to get in the way of the relief effort. Reassured that Baurs wanted us to travel and confirming that the airline (Sri Lankan) had not cancelled our flight we decided to travel as planned.

Acknowledgements.

A special thank you to my great mate Gruff Dodd who put a lot of time and effort into making a mini disk of all the Sri Lankan endemics for me. It was an invaluable tool and a great success, a tape is essential for getting several of the endemic species: Sri Lanka Spurfowl, Sri Lanka Frogmouth, Serendip Scops-owl and Sri Lanka Whistling Thrush. Thanks also to our Guide – Dhammitra Samarasinghe who was outstanding, he worked his socks off making sure that we all had terrific views of the target birds. His highly honed senses picking up birds that we would have otherwise missed. Not only a great all round naturalist he was also a smashing chap who became a good friend. Recommend him highly and without reservation, a more caring; polite and knowledgeable guide would be hard to find anywhere. Our driver Sarath also deserves a mention for his enthusiasm and attention to our every need. Driving in Sri Lanka is not for the faint hearted and Sarath always got us to where we wanted to go in a very matter of fact sort of way. Highly recommended.

Baur & Co. warrant a special mention for organising our tour. Perry the office manager organised it all with well practised ease, outstanding job well done. I can’t recommend them highly enough; they carried out all their duties impeccably.

Getting there

Flights were booked through ebookers http://www.ebookers.com and cost approx £530. Direct flights London Heathrow to Colombo with Sri Lankan Airlines. The flight out was approximately 10 hours and it passed without to much fuss. The flight back slightly longer at 12 hours but both flights left without any real delays.

Travelling around

All the ground details were taken care of by Baurs who supplied us with a 10 seater air-conditioned mini bus complete with driver and guide. We travelled more or less in a anticlockwise direction through the South and West of Sri Lanka, covering all the different climatic zones. Travelling in Sri Lanka is never straight forward even short road journeys can take forever. For example the sixty nine kilometre journey from Nuwera Eliya to Kandy took a full four hours, unbelievable.

Bird Guide

Dhammitra our guide was fantastic; he scored very highly in every aspect of guiding. His wonderful knowledge of his native jungle birds was a joy to witness. His honed senses of sight and hearing made getting the target birds relatively easy. The one exception was the White-faced Starlings, more of that later. He worked tirelessly in his efforts to put us onto some champion skulkers. All work, which was very much appreciated by us both. Dhammitra was also an outstanding all around naturalist when times were slow he entertained us with fascinating insights into the world of butterflies, snails, orchids, trees almost anything that lived and breathed. A truly accomplished guide, companion and friend.

Costs

Flight cost - £535

All inclusive 14 birding tour cost $1525

Only other costs were for our alcoholic beverages and tips.

Please don’t under estimate the cost of tipping; everyone expects to be tipped its how the tourism industry operates. We always asked the advice of our guide about what was appropriate and we never thought that any of the tips we gave were inappropriate. Generally if we thought they deserved it they got it if not they got less. Including the tips for our guide and driver we spent about £150 each on tips.

Accommodation

We had sorted out our accommodation concerns before we left and what we were provided with was a great mix of first class exotic in Ratnapura and the very clean but basic at Blue Magpie Lodge in Sinharaja. No complaints at all and the Blue Magpie probably had the best food out of all the hotels we stayed at. In another report just before we left we read that the Rock Hotel in Nuwara Eliya was not up to scratch. We contacted Baurs and mentioned this. They came back and said that if we didn’t like what we saw at the Rock Hotel they would place us in another hotel of our choice. As it turned out the Rock was a very clean and comfortable hotel and had the added benefit of terrific views over the town. The staff here were also very attentive.

Food

We loved the Sri Lankan cooking, some of it was a tad hot for our cultured western taste and we were always warned by our guide if things like Beef Dynamite were considered to hot for comfort. We generally tasted everything but believe me Sri Lankan ‘hot’ is very very hot. We usually had eggs, toast, juice, fruit, tea or coffee for breakfast. An assortment of curries for lunch with a fruit dessert. Dinner was a grand affair with options including western style food, soup, main course and dessert. Lots of fruit cocktail and Dhammitra loved to have his fruit cocktail with ice cream.

Red Tape

This was kept to an absolute minimum. From immigration at the airport through to road blokes we were usually ushered straight through. Even changing money at the bank was an almost painless experience. Especially compared with the nightmare we had endured in India. A great relief all round.

Weather

Apart from two afternoon showers of approximately thirty minutes each at Kitulgala we had almost uninterrupted sunshine all the way. It was however 39.8 degrees C in Sinharaja in the shade and terribly humid. At Nuwara Eliya it was a lot cooler but still very sunny. It was like a very pleasant spring day at home. IT was colder again at night but nothing to worry about.

Health & Safety

All the usual jabs should be current for travelling out east. A chat with your local GP will let you know what you should have. Tetanus, Polio, Hepatitis are just some of the jabs that ought to be current. Luckily all my data was up to date. This left the anti malaria’s. We both took the prescribed two tablets cocktail starting a week before we left. I must say that mozzies were not much of a problem. We were far more concerned with being sucked dry by leeches. Please ensure you get yourself a pair of leech socks. Neither Richard nor I suffered bites from these little devils though all our guides and spotters in Sinharaja suffered. Leech socks and Deet proved very affective in keeping these ogres at bay. Leech socks available from the Oriental Bird Club.

We didn’t have any real safety issues usual precautions should suffice. We also had the benefit of a driver who when required stayed with the bus and hence kept our gear safe.

References

Books – A field guide to the Birds of Sri Lanka, John Harrison and Tim Worfolk.

Oriental Bird Club – Bulletin 26 from OBC

A Birdwatchers Guide to Sri Lanka (Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne et al) OBC. This small booklet is essential pre trip reading.

Lonely Planet Guide to Sri Lanka.

Map – Rough Guides 1:500,000 map of Sri Lanka

Bird Sounds – Bird Recording from Sri Lanka (Steve Smith)

Bird sounds from Sri Lanka (Steve Whitehouse)

The Bird Sounds of Sri Lanka (Deepal Warakagoda)

Birds of Tropical Asia 2 CD-ROM for Windows (Jelle Scharringa)

Trip Reports - Purchased the first (John and Judy Geeson Dec. 1999) from the OBC http://www.orientalbirdclub.org all the others were available on the net.

Eurobirding http://www.eurobirding.com , Surfbirds http://www.surfbirds.com , Fatbirder http://www.fatbirder.com ,Worldtwitch http://www.worldtwitch.com , Birdtours http://www.birdtours.co.uk to name just a few.

Itinerary

22/01/05 – am. Depart London Heathrow.

23/01/05 – am. arrival at Colombo airport. Visit Bodingala Forest Reserve en route for Kitulgala. pm. Kitulgala Rain Forest.

24/01/05 – Full day at Kitulgala Rain Forest.

25/01/05 – am. Kitulgala Rain Forest. pm. Leave for Ratnapura. Gilimale Forest.

26/01/05 – am vicinity of hotel before leaving for Sinharaja rain forest.

27/01/05 – Full days birding in Sinharaja

28/01/05 – Morning in Sinharaja, leave for Embilipitiya

29/01/05 – Udawalawe national Park, Jeep safari. pm. Kalametiya

30/01/05 – am. Yala National Park Jeep Safari. pm. Tissa tanks.

31/01/05 – am. Jeep Safari Bundala National Park. pm. Birding around Bundala

01/02/05 – am. Tissa Tanks. pm. Kataragama/Weerawila area.

02/02/05 – am. Tissa Tanks, Leave for Nuwara Eliya, Surrey Tea Plantation.

02/02/05 – pm. Victoria Park.

03/02/05 – Full day birding Horton Plains National Park.

04/02/05 – am. Visit Victoria Park, leave for Kandy. pm. Kandy area.

05/02/05 – am. Udawattakele sanctuary. pm. Leave for airport.

06/02/05 – am. arrive London.

Note on our Itinerary. If we were planning another trip we would probably give ourselves another whole day in Sinharaja and lose a day somewhere else. Sinharaja has to many important and endemic birds just to allow two days. The two day schedule only allows you two attempts at the new Scops-owl. If we had had three days we may have had enough time to recover before we left, for another shot at seeing the Scops owl.

Daily Account

Day 1. We arrived tired and excited after a ten hour flight, cleared customs and immigration quickly and met up with our tour company rep. We were introduced to our Guide (Dhammitra) and our Driver (Sarath) and were whisked off for the two and a half hour drive to our first birding destination Bodingala Forest Reserve. We were there for dawn and the birds came thick and fast. Several endemics and near endemics punctuated by crippling views of birds like Indian Blue Robin (The only one of the trip), Scarlet Minivet, Brown Shrike, Black-headed yellow Bulbul and Blue-tailed Bee-eater. After three hours or so we headed off for the long drive to our overnight stop, the Kitulgala Rest House. The Rest House sits above the River where they filmed ‘The Bridge over the River Kwai’ the 1957 second world war epic. A wonderful view from the balcony over looking the forest opposite. We showered had lunch and a couple of beers before we left for an evening birding around Kitulgala. Two more endemics in the form of Chestnut-backed Owlet and Yellow-fronted Barbet, finished the day with eleven of the endemics ticked off.

Day2. Left by 7.am for Kitulgala Forest, real Jungle with neck snappingly high trees. Naturally all the birds were right at the very top. Highlight was the stunning sight of a Spotted Thrush (not in the tree tops), the only true endemic of the morning but we did add Black-throated Munia to the list. We travelled back across the river (Kalanity) in a dug-out canoe. After lunch and a quick nap it was back over the river and into another part of the forest. New birds this afternoon included, Sri Lanka Woodpigeon and Sri Lanka Myna, two more endemics. We came back to the hotel had a quick drink and were then whisked off to SISIRAS RIVER LOUNGE. Here we were to bird in the Garden of this exquisitely sighted bar. We were entertained from our seat by Stork-billed Kingfisher and Tickell’s Blue Flycatcher, but what we were really there to see was Sri Lanka Frogmouth. We left our seats in the bar at 7pm and had had stunning views of this shy bird by 7.15. Four new endemics, total now fifteen.

Day3. We were out birding by 7.am. We spent the first hour at SISIRAS looking for and finding Green-billed Coucal. We had our first endemic of the day safely in the bag. We returned to the hotel to finish our packing and after saying our goodbyes eventually left the hotel at 10am. En route to Ratnapura new birds noted: Sri Lanka Swallow, Changeable Hawk-Eagle, White-browed Fantail and Bright Green Warbler. Our new hotel the Ratnaloka was very grand and luxurious and a cut above everything else we encountered on our trip. Unfortunately we were more or less the only guests. A sad symptom of the after effects of the Tsunami. It really is hurting the tourist industry. After showering we spent an hour or so scanning the grounds, added Little Swift, Little Egret and White-browed Bulbul. We left for the hour long journey to Gilimale Forest. Another leech infested jungle, not much bird activity initially but it soon hotted up with Malabar Trogon, Black-rumped Flameback and Black-naped Monarch. Our driver Sarath found us Greater Flameback on the way home. While enjoying a coffee before going for a pre-dinner shower we added Indian Pitta, found in the hotel Garden. Three new endemics total now eighteen plus eight of the near endemics.

Day4 Birding by 6.30 in the vicinity of our luxury hotel. Birds noted Grey-rumped Tree-swift, Black-headed Cuckooshrike and Small Minivet. Back for breakfast at 9.30 and we had left the hotel at 10am. It seemed like we spent the rest of the day in the bus. It took over three hours to get to Sinharaja where we transferred to a four wheel drive Jeep for another thirty minutes to get to the Blue Magpie Lodge. It was more than adequate with a comfy bed and good bathroom facilities. After dropping off our bags we prepared for the six hour round trip for the Serendip Scops Owl site. We heard several of the owls at three different sites but try as we might we couldn’t coax one into view. We had the consolation of watching a Besra disembowelling its prey, we also ran into a couple of Green-billed Coucals. The journey home was horrendous. It involved yomping five kilometres then a Jeep journey from the last Owl site to the bus which took forty five minutes and was torture. It was then another two and half hour bus trip followed by another twenty minutes in the Jeep. We arrived back at the Blue Magpie Lodge after Midnight, a full eighteen hours after we first rose. We were absolutely knackered. On the way back we both decided not to repeat the journey the following evening. Thereby giving up the possibility of seeing this the newest of Sri Lanka’s many endemics. We decided that as more and more sites for this bird are found the odds are that they will discover one not to far from the Blue Magpie Lodge. It’s also a good reason to come back to this wonderful birding destination.

Day5 A bit later than we wanted we entered the World Heritage Site at Sinharaja. We immediately hit Blue Magpie and had a calling Sri Lanka Spurfowl. We also ticked off Brown-capped Babbler not far from the entrance. We entered the wet low lying area of the forest in an area reportedly good for Scaly Thrush. This bird hadn’t been seen for a while and all the guides we spoke to were not very hopeful of us seeing it. However to everyone’s delight we came across not one but two superb Scaly Thrushes. We also had a Spotted Thrush in the same area.

On the way out of the forest for lunch we happened upon a Red-faced Malkoha building a nest. We had our lunch at Martins Lodge sitting in the dining room with panoramic tree top views of the forest. Back out birding at 14.30. We spent the next couple of hours retracing our movements of the morning. No new birds but we did have superb views of a very confiding Blue Magpie. We spent approx thirty minutes at the forest entrance hoping for a view of the White-faced Starling. No luck there but on the return to Blue Magpie Lodge we did have Bar-winged Flycatcher Shrike and Blossom-headed Parakeet.

Day6 Morning birding in Sinharaja Rain Forest as we still had a couple of birds to see. We got our first and second relatively easy. As soon as we hit a feeding flock our two target birds came in quick succession. Ashy-headed Laughing Thrush and Scimitar Babbler. The other bird still required was the endemic and only found in Sinharaja the White-faced Starling. We had just about given up on ever seeing this bird when 2 dropped into the tree tops. Elated we retired back to the Blue Magpie Lodge for a well earned lunch before leaving for Embilipitiya. As we had left Sinharaja much later than planned we missed out the afternoon Land Rover Safari into the Udawalawe National Park opting instead to do the Safari the following morning. We arrived at the hotel Centuria at about 5pm just in time to do a quick lake watch from the hotel balcony. Birds noted from here: Spot-billed Pelican, Whiskered Tern, Black-winged Stilt, Darter and Lesser-whistling Duck.

Day7 Up early for the Land Rover Safari into Udawalawe National Park. We had stressed to our driver and spotter that it was the birds we were interested in and not the Elephants. As it turned out they both did us proud as they spotted several new birds for us. New birds here included Rufous Bush Lark, Booted Eagle, Black-headed Munia, Orange-headed Thrush, Pallid Harrier and Ashy-crowned Sparrow-lark. Lunch back at the Centuria Hotel, we then left for a quick stop at the coast and my first view of the Indian Ocean. Kalametiya was very eerie in the aftermath of Boxing days Tsunami. There was lots of debris and bits of personal clothing everywhere. The town of Hambantota which we passed through on our way to Tissamaharama, was completely devastated by the Tsunami. The side of the road nearest the sea was like a scene from a war documentary. Refugee camps along the main road and even a large boat stranded and smashed well inland.

Day8 Left the hotel this morning at 6.30 after a very fitful nights sleep. We travelled the 30 minutes to the Yala National Park. Here we boarded our Land Rover for another Safari this time into Leopard Country. No Leopards but Elephant, Water Buffalo, Wild Boar, Mongoose, Jackal, Samba and Chital were all seen. Birding highlight was the magnificent Blue-faced Malkoha. We also ran into Barred Buttonquail, Yellow-crowned Woodpecker, Brahminy Starling and Common Woodshrike. Back to the hotel for lunch and a shower before hot footing it to various Tanks in and around Tissa. At the 1^st we were lucky enough to tick off White-naped Woodpecker at its nest hole. Both male and female observed. Other Tissa tank highlights: Purple Swamphen, Pheasant-tailed Jacana, Greenish Warbler, Richards Pipit, Ruddy Crake, Moorhen, Jungle Prinia and Coppersmith Barbet. We got back to the hotel happy but exhausted at 7.30. We showered and changed and were ready for dinner at 8.15. Total number of birds recorded to date two hundred and two.

Day9 Woken up at 5.45 for a 6 o’clock get away to visit Tissa tanks for possible bitterns. No bitterns but we did add five new birds to our trip list: Zitting Cisticola, Pallas’s Grasshopper Warbler, Cotton Pygmy Goose, Little Grebe and Tawny-bellied Babbler. Back to hotel at 8.30 for a breakfast. Coffee toast, scrambled egg and fruit.

We went to the bank at ten to change some money. A relatively painless transaction. Later we visited a small plantation where the highlight was a Black-headed Cuckooshrike and we heard a White-rumped Shama. Off for a Land Rover Safari into Bundala National Park. The birding here was terrific we had a great afternoons Safari. The Land Rover had an open top so we could stand up and view all around. Highlights: Pied Cuckoo, Chestnut-winged Cuckoo, Collared Scops-Owl, Saunders, Little, Gull-billed, Caspian, Lesser and Greater Crested Terns, Lesser and Greater Sand Plover, Broad-billed Sandpiper, Curlew Sandpiper, Pale Martin, Yellow Bittern, and later Indian Nightjar.

Day10 1^st of February 2005 my 55^th birthday

I started the day at 6am by opening my birthday cards and the presents that I had carried with me from home. Both the presents were greeted with howls of approval from me and Richard. (Welsh Cakes and Jelly Beans) just what the doctor ordered. Set off at seven for a site we visited yesterday to try and lure the White-rumped Shama out into the open. At the site a bird immediately responded to the taped song but refused to come into view. At the second spot further up the track we hit gold and the White-rumped Shama stayed in open view long enough for us all to have great views. We returned for breakfast where we had pancakes with Golden Syrup and pudding rice. Back out for a morning stroll around the various tanks. Only new birds were Oriental Skylark, Streaked Weaver and Baya Weavers at the nest. After lunch we visited the area outside Yala National Park. It was great wader watching only new birds though were Spotted Redshank and Northern Pintail. Later we tried we tried for Jerdons Nightjar and had one fly around our heads. At dinner they presented me with a birthday cake complete with candle. A great day all round.

Day11 A lie in this morning up at 6.30 breakfast at 7 and left the hotel by 7.30 for the long trip to Nuwara Eliya. En route we visited the Surrey Tea Plantation. The Brown Wood Owl was seen quite quickly and was followed by a surprise Pied Thrush. On the path through the garden we also added Kashmir Flycatcher and Forest Wagtail. So four new birds in half an hour. On the road between the Surrey and our overnight stop (Rock Hotel) we noted: Mountain Hawk Eagle, Black Eagle, Dull Blue Flycatcher, Yellow-eared Bulbul and Pied Bushchat. During lunch at the Rock Hotel we added Shaheen (Falco peregrinus peregrinator). Victoria Park was excellent we found Kashmir Flycatcher, Indian Pitta, Pied Thrush, Sri Lanka White-eye, Forest Wagtail and last but not least Great Tit. We left the park at 17.30 and visited a Whistling Thrush site. We started the tape at about 18.15 and had had no response at all up to 19.00 when we decided to call it a day. We did have the cancellation of great views of a Sri Lanka Bush Warbler.

Day12 Up at 4am yes that’s right 4am. We left the hotel at 4.30 for the drive to Horton Plains. Arrived just after 5.30 and had a quick nap in the bus, (by the famous Leopard sign), until 6am. At approx 6.10 Dhammitra started the tape. It was still relatively dark but the first bird to respond was a Sri Lanka Blackbird closely followed by the Sri Lanka Whistling Thrush. In the space of 30 minutes we also had Sri Lanka White-eye, Sri Lanka Woodpigeon, Sri Lanka Junglefowl, Scimitar-billed Babbler, Yellow-eyed Babbler, Dull-blue Flycatcher, Kashmir Flycatcher, Grey-headed Canary Flycatcher, Sri Lanka Blue Magpie, Sri Lanka Bush Warbler, Large-billed Leaf Warbler and Dark-fronted Babbler. A truly amazing start to the day. Further along the road we had Paddyfield Pipit, Hill Swallow, Pied Bushchat, Common Buzzard and Black Eagle. Arrived back at the hotel very tired but elated. All the endemics have now been recorded. After lunch at the hotel we had a walk around Gallway Forest we drove around Gregory Lake and then went into Victoria Park. No new birds this afternoon but after such a special morning nothing to be too disappointed about. Dinner at 8pm went to bed very happy indeed.

Day13 An early morning visit to Victoria Park trying for the Slaty-legged Crake which had been seen recently there. No joy probably a result of all the cleaning up the park had experienced during the last week in preparation for the start of the new season. We did see another superb Pied Thrush and Forest Wagtail. At 9.30 sharp we said our goodbyes to our genial hosts and set off on the 69KM four hour trip to Kandy. We arrived at the Hotel Suisse smack on 13.30. We had finished lunch by 14.00 and at 14.30 it was off out forest birding in the leech infested hills around Kandy. We missed one of our target birds the Dwarf Kingfisher but at 17.00 sharp we had super views of Hill Myna. Happy we returned to the hotel for a rest/shower before our dinner. We had pre dinner drinks in the room with Dhammitra and Sarath.

Day14 We left the Hotel Suisse at 6.45 for a trip to Uda Walakele Forest. it was a last chance search for Dwarf Kingfisher. No luck with the Dwarf although we did see both Common and only our second Stork-billed Kingfisher of the trip. The forest was alive with calling Hill Mynas. We spent the rest of the morning shopping in Kandy. It was mayhem but Dhammitra our guide ushered us around the city with practised ease. We arrived back at the Hotel at 13.00 after a short trip in a Tuk Tuk past the Temple of the Tooth. We left the Hotel at 14.30 heading for our last hotel at Colombo airport where we had dinner with Dhammitra and Sarath. We showered and changed ready for the long flight home. At the airport we also said our goodbyes to both Sarath our driver and Dhammitra our guide.

Day15 We arrived back at Heathrow.

Species List

My apologies to those expecting counts of birds. Counting numbers of birds has never been one of my priorities. Relative abundance/scarcity/distribution etc. is more than adequately covered in the field guide.

1 Little Grebe, (TACHYBAPTUS RUFICOLLIS), Tissa

2 Spot-billed Pelican, (PELECANUS CRISPUS), Bundala, Yala

3 Great Cormorant, (PHALOCROCORAX CARBO) - Yala

4 Indian Cormorant, (PHALOCROCORAX FUSCICOLLIS), Yala, Bundala, Tissa

5 Little Cormorant, (PHALOCROCORAX NIGER), Common

6 Oriental Darter, (ANHINGA MELANOGASTER), Yala

7 Grey Heron, (ARDEA CINEREA), Common

8 Purple Heron, (ARDEA PURPUREA), Common

9 Great Egret, (EGRETTA ALBA), Common

10 Intermediate Egret, (EGRETTA INTERMEDIA), Yala & Bundala

11 Little Egret, (EGRETTA GARZETTA), Common

12 Cattle Egret, BUBULCUS IBIS COROMANDUS, Common

13 Indian Pond-Heron, (ARDEOLA GRAYII), Common

14 Striated Heron, (BUTRIDES STRIATUS), Yala

15 Black-Crowned Night-Heron, (NYCTICORAX NYCTICORAX), Bundala

16 Yellow Bittern, (IXOBRYCHUS SINENSIS), Bundala, Tissa

17 Painted Stork, (MYCTERIA LEUCOCEPHALA), Common

18 Asian Openbill, (ANASTOMUS OSCITANS), Common

19 Woolly-Necked Stork, (CICONIA EPISCOPUS), Tissa, Yala

20 Black-Headed Ibis, (THRESKIORNIS MELANCEPHALUS), Yala & Bundala

21 Glossy Ibis, (PLEGADIS FALCINELLUS) Bundala

22 Eurasian Spoonbill, (PLATALEA LEUCORODIA), Yala

23 Lesser Whistling-Duck, (DENDROCYGNA JAVANICA), Yala

24 Cotton Pygmy-Goose, (NETTAPUS COROMANDELIANUS), Tissa

25 Northern Pintail, (ANAS ACUTA), Yala

26 Gargany, (ANAS QUERQUEDULA), Bundala & Yala

27 Oriental Honey-Buzzard, (PERNIS PTILORHYNCHUS), Horton Plains, Kitulgala

28 Black-Shouldered Kite, (ELANUS CAERULEUS), Yala

29 Brahminy Kite, (HALIASTUR INDUS), Common

30 White-Bellied Fish Eagle, (HIERAAETUS LEUCOGASTOR), Bundala

31 Grey-Headed Fish-Eagle, (ICHTHYOPHAGA ICHTHYAETUS), Yala & Bundala

32 Crested Serpent-Eagle, (SPILORNIS CHEELA), Common

33 Pallid Harrier, (CIRCUS MACROURUS), Yala

34 Western Marsh-Harrier, (CIRCUS AERUGINOSUS), Yala

35 Shikra, (ACCIPITER BADIUS), Sinharaja

36 Besra, (ACCIPITER VIRGATUS), Sinharaja

37 Common Buzzard, (BUTEO BUTEO), Horton Plains

38 Black Eagle, (ICTINAETUS MALAYENSIS), Kandy Sinharaja

39 Booted Eagle, (HIERAAETUS PENNATUS), Horton Plains

40 Rufous-Bellied Eagle, (HIERAAETUS KIENERII), Horton Plains

41 Changeable Hawk-Eagle, (SPIZAETUS CIRRHATUS), Bundala; Uda Welawe

42 Mountain Hawk-Eagle, (SPIZAETUS NIPALENSIS), Horton Plains

43 Shaheen, (FALCO PEREGRINUS PEREGRINATOR), Kandy

44 Sri Lanka Spurfowl, (GALLOPERDIX BICALCARATA), Sinharaja

45 Sri Lanka Junglefowl, (GALLUS LAFAYETII), Kitulgala

46 Indian Peafowl, (PAVO CRISTATUS), Yala & Bundala

47 Barred Buttonquail, (TURNIX SUSCITATOR), Yala, & Bundala

48 Ruddy-Breasted Crake, (PORZANA FUSCA), Kandy

49 White-Breasted Water-Hen, (AMAURORNIS PHOENICURUS), Common

50 Common Moorhen, (GALLINULA CHLOROPUS, Tissa

51 Purple Swamphen, (PORPHYRIO PORPHYRIO), Tissa

52 Pheasant-Tailed Jacana, (HYDROPHASIANUS CHIRURGUS), Tissa

53 Black-Winged Stilt, (HIMANTOPUS HIMANTOPUS CEYLONENSIS), Yala, Bundala

54 Pied Avocet, (RECURVIROSTRA AVOSETTA), Bundala

55 Eurasian Thick-Knee, (BURHINUS OEDICNEMUS), Bundala

56 Great Thick-Knee, (BURHINUS RECURVIROSTRIS), Bundala

57 Yellow-Wattled Lapwing, (VANELLUS MALABARICUS), Bundala

58 Red-Wattled Lapwing, (VANELLUS INDICUS), Common

59 Pacific Golden Plover, (PLUVIALIS FULVA), Yala, Bundala

60 Grey Plover, (PLUVIALIS SQUATAROLA), Bundala

61 Common Ringed Plover, (CHARADRIUS HIATICULA), Bundala

62 Little Ringed Plover, (CHARADRIUS DUBIUS), Bundala

63 Kentish Plover, (CHARADRIUS ALEXANDRINUS), Yala, Bundala

64 Lesser Sand Plover, (CHARADRIUS MONGOLUS) Yala, Bundala

65 Mongolian Plover, (CHARADRIUS LESCHENAULTII), Yala, Bundala

66 Black-Tailed Godwit, (LIMOSA LIMOSA), Tissa, Bundala

67 Whimbrel, (NUMENIUS PHAEOPUS), Bundala

68 Spotted Redshank, (TRINGA ERYTHROPUS), Tissa

69 Common Redshank, (TRINGA TOTANUS), Tissa, Bundala

70 Marsh Sandpiper, (TRINGA STAGNATILIS), Bundala

71 Common Greenshank, (TRINGA NEBULARIA), Tissa, Yala, Bundala

72 Green Sandpiper, (TRINGA OCHROPUS), Bundala

73 Wood Sandpiper, (TRINGA GLAREOLA), Tissa , Kandy

74 Common Sandpiper, (TRINGA HYPOLEUCOS), Tissa, Yala, Bundala, Uda Welawe

75 Ruddy Turnstone, (ARENARIA INTERPRES), Bundala

76 Pintail Snipe, (GALLINAGO STENURA), Tissa, Bundala

77 Common Snipe. (GALLINAGO GALLINAGO), Bundala

78 Sanderling, (CALIDRIS ALBA), Bundala

79 Little Stint, (CALIDRIS MINUTA), Bundala

80 Temminck’s Stint, (CALIDRIS TEMMINCKII), Bundala

81 Curlew Sandpiper, (CALIDRIS FERRUGINEA), Bundala

82 Broad-Billed Sandpiper, (LIMICOLA FALCINELLUS), Bundala

83 Ruff, (PHILOMACHUS PUGNAX), Yala, Bundala

84 Great Black-Headed Gull, (LASUS ICHTHYAETUS), Yala

85 Brown-Headed Gull, (LARUS BRUNNICEPHALUS), Bundala

86 Black-Headed Gull, (LARUS RIDIBUNDUS), Yala

87 Whiskered Tern, (CHLIDONIAS HYBRIDUS), Tissa, Yala, Bundala

88 White-Winged Tern, (CHLIDONIAS LEUCOPTERUS), Yala

89 Black Tern, (CHLIDONIAS NIGER), Yala

90 Gull-Billed Tern, (STERNA NILOTICA), Yala

91 Caspian Tern, (STERNA CASPIA), Tissa, Bundala

92 Common Tern, (STERNA HIRUNDO), Bundala

93 Little Tern, (STERNA ALBIFRONS), Bundala

94 Saunder’s Tern, (STERNA SAUNDERSI), Bundala

95 Great Crested-Tern, (STERNA BERGII VELOX), Bundala

96 Lesser Crested Tern, (STERNA BENGALENSIS), Bundala

97 Rock Dove, (COLUMBA LIVIA), Common

98 Sri Lanka Wood-Pigeon, (COLUMBA TORRINGTONI), Horton Plains

99 Spotted Dove, (STREPTOPELIA CHINENSIS), Everywhere

100 Emerald Dove, (CHALCOPHAPS INDICA), Sinharaja, Kitulgala

101 Orange-Breasted Green Pigeon, (TRERON BICINTA LEGGEI), Yala, Bundala

102 Pompadour Green Pigeon, (TRERON POMPADORA), Yala, Uda Welawe

103 Green Imperial Pigeon, (DUCULA AENEA), Yala, Sinharaja, Kitulgala

104 Sri Lanka Hanging-Parrot, (LORICULUS BERYLLINUS), Sinharaja, Kitulgala

105 Alexandrine Parakeet, (PSITTACULA EUPATRIA), Ude Welawe

106 Rose -Ringed Parakeet, (PSITTACULA KRAMERI), Everywhere

107 Plum-Headed Parakeet, (PSITTACULA ROSEATA), Kitulgala

108 Layard’s Parakeet, (PSITTACULA CALTHROPAE), Bodingala

109 Chestnut-Winged Cuckoo, (CLAMATOR COROMANDUS), Yala

110 Pied Cuckoo, (CLAMATOR JACOBINUS), Yala

111 Common Hawk Cuckoo, (HIEROCOCCYX VARIUS), Ratnapura

112 Indian Cuckoo, (CUCULUS MICROPTERUS), Sinharaja

113 Plaintive Cuckoo, (CACOMANTIS MERULINUS), Yala, Bundala

114 Asain Koel, (EUDYNAMYS SCOLOPACEA), Sinharaja

115 Blue-Faced Malkoha, (PHAENICOPHAEUS VIRIDIROSTRIS), Bundala, Uda Welawe

116 Sirkeer Malkoha, (PHAENICOPHAEUS LESCHENAULTII), Bundala, Uda Welawe

117 Red-Faced Malkoha, (PHAENICOPHAEUS PYRRHOCEPHALUS), Sinhararja, Kitulgala

118 Green-Billed Coucal, (CENTROPUS CHLORORHYNCHUS), Sinharaja

119 Greater Coucal, (CENTROPUS SINENSIS), Sinharaja, Kandy

120 Collared Scops-Owl, (OTUS BAKKAMOENA), Bundala

121 Serendip Scops-Owl, (OTUS THILOHOFFNANNI), Sinharaja

122 Brown Fish-Owl, (KETUPA ZEYLONENSIS), Uda Welawe

123 Brown Wood-Owl, (STRIX LEPTOGRAMMICA), Surrey Tea Plantation

124 Chestnut-Backed Owlet, (GLAUCIDIUM CASTANONOTUM), Kitulgala

125 Sri Lanka Frogmouth, (BATRACHOSTOMUS MONILIGER), Kitulgala

126 Grey Nightjar, (CAPRIMULGUS INDICUS), Ratnapura

127 Jerdon’s Nightjar, (CAPRIMULGUS ATRIPENNIS), Yala

128 Indian Nightjar, (CAPRIMULGUS ASIATICUS), Yala

129 Indian Swiftlet, (COLLOCALIA UNICOLOR), Kitulgala

130 Asian Palm Swift, (CYPSIRIUS BALASIENSIS), Widespread

131 Little Swift, (APUS AFFINIS), Bundala, Kitulgala

132 Grey-Rumped Treeswift, (HEMIPROCNE LONGIPENNIS), Uda Welawe, Kitulgala

133 Malabar Trogon, (HARPACTES FASCIATUS), Sinharaja

134 Pied Kingfisher, (CERYLE RUDIS), Yala, Bundala

135 Common Kingfisher, (ALCEDO ATTHIS), Common

136 Stork-Billed Kingfisher, (PELARGOPSIS CAPENSIS), Kitulgala, Kandy

137 White-Breasted Kingfisher, (HALCYON SMYRNENSIS), Common

138 Little Green Bee-Eater, (MEROPS ORIENTALIS), Common

139 Blue-Tailed Bee-Eater, (MEROPS PHILIPPINUS), Common

140 Chestnut-Headed Bee-Eater, (MEROPS LESCHENAULTI), Bundala

141 Indian Roller, (CORACIUS BENGHALENSIS), Widespread

142 Eurasian Hoopoe, (UPUPA EPOPS), Yala, Bundala

143 Sri Lanka Grey Hornbill, (OCYCEROS GINGALENSIS), Kitulgala

144 Malabar Pied-Hornbill, (ANTHRACOCEROS CORONATUS), Yala

145 Brown-Headed Barbet, (MEGALAIMA ZEYLANICA), Bundala, Kitulgala

146 Yellow-Fronted Barbet, (MEGALAIMA FLAVIFRONS), Sinharaja

147 Crimson-Fronted Barbet, (MEGALAIMA RUBRICAPILLA), Tissa, Sinharaja

148 Coppersmith Barbet, (MEGALAIMA HAEMACEPHLA), Uda Welawe

149 Yellow-Crowned Woodpecker, (DENDROCOPOS MAHRATTENSIS), Yala

150 Lesser Yellownape, (PICUS CHLOROLOPHUS WELLSI), Sinharaja

151 Black_Rumped Flameback, (DINOPIUM BENGHALENSE), Uda Welawe, Kitulgala

152 Greater Flameback, (CHRYSOCOLAPTES LUCIDUS STRICKLANDI), Kandy

153 White-Naped Woodpecker, (CHRYSOCOLAPTES FESTIVUS TANTUS), Tissa

154 Indian Pitta, (PITTA BRACHYURA), Victoria Park, Ratnapura

155 Rufous-Winged Bushlark, (MIRAFRA ASSAMICA), Yala

156 Oriental Skylark, (ALAUDA GULGULA), Bundala

157 Ashy-Crowned Sparrow Lark, (EREMOPTERIX GRISEA), Yala

158 Pale Martin, (RIPARIA RIPARIA), Bundala

159 Barn Swallow, (HIRUNDO RUSTICA), Common

160 Hill Swallow, (HIRUNDO DOMICOLA), Horton Plains

161 Red-Rumped Swallow, (HIRUNDO DAURICA), Yala

162 Sri Lanka Swallow, (HIRUNDO DAURICA HYPERTHRA), Bodingala

163 Forest Wagtail, (DENDRONANTHUS INDICUS), Kandy, Sinharaja

164 Yellow Wagtail, (MOTACILLA FLAVA), Yala

165 Gret Wagtail, (MOTACILLA CINERIA), Nuwera Eliya, Kitulgala

166 Richard’s Pipit, (ANTHUS RICHARDI), Bundala

167 Paddyfield Pipit, (ANTHUS RUFULUS), Common

168 Black-Headed Cuckoo-Shrike, (CORACINA METANOPTERA), Uda Welawe

169 Small Minivet, (PERICROCOTUS CINNAMOMEOUS), Bundala

170 Scarlet Minivet, (PERICROCOTUS FLAMMEUS), Kandy, Tissa, Uda Welawe

171 Bar-Winged Flycatcher-Shrike, (HEMIPUS PICATUS), Sinharaja

172 Common Wood-Shrike, (TEPHRODORNIS PONDICERIANUS), Yala

173 Black-Headed Bulbul, (PYCNONOTUS MELANICTERUS), Sinharaja, Kitulgala

174 Red-Vented Bulbul, (PYCNONOTUS CAFER), Very common

175 Yellow-Eared Bulbul, (PYCNONTUS PENICILLATUS), Kandy

176 White-Browed Bulbul, (PYCNONTUS LUTEOLUS), Common

177 Yellow-Browed Bulbul, (IOLE INDICUS), Sinharaja, Kitulgala

178 Black Bulbul, (HYPSIPETES LEUCOCEPHALUS HUMII), Kandy, Sinharaja, Kitulgala

179 Common Iora, (AEGITHINA TIPHIA), Common

180 Jerdon’s Leafbird, (CHLOROPSIS COCHINCHINENSIS), Bodingala

181 Golden-Fronted Leafbird, (CHLOROPSIS AURIFRONS), Sinharaja, Kitulgala

182 Brown Shrike, (LANIUS CRISTATUS), Common

183 Indian Blue Robin, (LUSCINIA BRUNNEA), Nuwera Eliya, Sinharaja

184 Oriental Magpie-Robin, (COPSYCHUS SAULARIS), Common

185 White-Rumped Shama, (COPSYCHUS MALABARICUS), Kandy

186 Pied Bushchat, (SAXICOLA CAPRATA), Horton Plains, Nuwera Eliya, Bundala

187 Black-Backed Robin, (SAXICOLOIDES FULICATA), Common

188 Sri Lanka Whistling-Thrush, (MYOPHONUS BLIGHI), Horton Plains

189 Pied Thrush, (ZOOTHERA WARDII), Surrey Tea Plantation, Nuwera Eliya

190 Orange-Headed Thrush, (ZOOTHERA CITRINA), Yala

191 Spot-Winged Thrush, (ZOOTHERA SPILOPTERA), Sinharaja, Kitulgala

192 Scaly Thrush, (ZOOTHERA DAUMA), Sinharaja

193 Sri Lanka Blackbird, (TURDUS MERULA KINNISII), Horton Plains

194 Brown-Capped Babbler, (PELLORNEUM FUSCOCAPILLUM), Kandy, Sinharaja

195 India Scimitar-Babbler, (POMATORHINUS HORSFIELDII), Horton Plains, Sinharaja

196 Tawny-Bellied Babbler, (DUMETIA HYPERYTHRA), Yala

197 Dark-Fronted Babbler, (RHOPOCICHLA ATRICEPS), Sinharaja, Kitulgala

198 Yellow-Eyed Babbler, (CHRYSOMMA SINENSE), Horton Plains

199 Orange-Billed Babbler, (TURDOIDES RUFESCENS), Sinharaja, Kitulgala

200 Yellow-Billed Babbler, (TURDOIDES AFFINUS), Common

201 Ashy-Headed Laughingthrush, (GARRULAX CINEREIFRONS), Sinharaja

202 Sri Lanka Bush-Warbler, (BRADYPTERUS PALLISERI), Horton Plains

203 Palla’s Grasshopper Warbler, (LOCUSTELLA CERTHIOLA), Tissa

204 Blyth’s Reed-Warbler, (ACROCEPHALUS DUMETORUM), Nuwera Eliya

205 Clamorous Reed Warbler, (ACROCEPHALUS STENTOREUS), Tissa

206 Zitting Cisticola, (CISTICOLA JUNCIDIS), Horton Plains

207 Grey-Breasted Prinia, (PRINIA HODGSONII), Uda Welawe

208 Jungle Prinia, (PRINIA SYLVATICA), Bundala

209 Ashy Prinia, (PRINIA SOCIALIS), Kandy, Horton Plains, Yala

210 Plain Prinia, (PRINIA INORNATA), Common

211 Common Tailorbird, (ORTHOTOMUS SUTORIUS), Common

212 Sykes’ Warbler, (HIPPOLAIS CALIGATA RAMA), Embilipiya

213 Greenish Warbler, (PHYLLOSCOPUS TROCHILOIDES), Tissa

214 Bright Green Warbler, (PHYLLOSCOPUS NITIDUS), Uda Welawe

215 Large-Billed Leaf-Warbler, (PHYLLOSCOPUS MAGNIROSTRIS), Kitulgala

216 Asian Brown Flycatcher, (MUSCICAPA DAUURICA), Kandy, Kitulgala

217 Brown-Breasted Flycatcher, (MUSCICAPA MUTTUI), Sinharaja

218 Dull-Blue Flycatcher, (EUMYIAS SORDIDA), Horton Plains

219 Kashmir Flycatcher, (FICEDULA SUBRUBRA), Nuwera Eliya

220 Tickell’s Blue-Flycatcher, (CYORNIS TICKELLIAE), Kandy, Sinharaja, Kitulgala

221 Grey-Headed Canary-Flycatcher, (CULICICAPA CEYLONENSIS), Horton Plains

222 Black-Naped Monarch, (HYPOTHYMIS AZUREA), Sinharaja, Kitulgala

223 Asian Paradise-Flycatcher, (TERPSIPHONE PARADISI PARADISI), Yala, Sinharaja

224 Sri Lankan Paradise-Flycatcher, (TERPSIPHONE PARADISI CEYLONENSIS), Kitulgala

225 White-Browed Fantail, (HIPIDURA AUREOLA), Tissa

226 Great Tit, (PARUS MAJOR), Nuwera Eliya

227 Velvet-Fronted Nuthatch, (SITTA FRONTALIS), Sinharaja

228 Thick-Billed Flowerpecker, (DICAEUM AGILE), Kitulgala

229 White-Throated (Legge’s) Flowerpecker, (DICAEUM VINCENS), Sinharaja

230 Pale-Billed (Tickell’s) Flowerpecker, (DICAEUM ERYTHRORHYNCHOS), Common

231 Purple-Rumped Sunbird, (NECTARINA ZEYLONICA), Common

232 Long-Billed Sunbird, (CINNYRIS LOTENIUS), Common

233 Purple Sunbird, (NECTARINA ASIATICA), Common

234 Oriental White-Eye, (ZOSTEROPS PALPEBROSUS), Kitulgala

235 Sri Lanka White-Eye, (ZOSTEROPS CEYLONENSIS), Nuwera Eliya

236 White_Throated Silverbill, (LONCHURA MALABARICA), Yala

237 White-Rumped Munia, (LONCHURA STRIATA), Common

238 Scaly-Breasted Munia, (LONCHURA PUNCTULATA), Common

239 Black-Throated Munia, (LONCHURA KELAARTI), Sinharaja

240 Black-Headed Munia, (LONCHURA MALACCA), Yala, Bundala, Tissa

241 House Sparrow, (PASSER DOMESTICUS), Common around towns and villages

242 Streaked Weaver, (PLOCEUS MANYAR), Kandy

243 Baya Weaver, (PLOCEUS PHILIPPINUS), Tissa

244 White-Faced Starling, (STURNUS SENEX), Sinharaja

245 Brahminy Starling, (STURNUS PAGODARUM), Yala, Bundala

246 Rose-Coloured Starling, (STURNUS ROSEUS), Tissa

247 Common Myna, (ACRIDOTHERES TRISTIS), Very common

248 Sri Lanka Myna, (GRACULA PTILOGENES), Sinharaja

249 Southern Hill Myna, (GRACULA INDICA), Kandy

250 Black-Hooded Oriole, (ORIOLUS XANTHORNUS), Common

251 Black Drongo, (DICRURUS MACROCERCUS), Anuradhapura

252 White-Bellied Drongo, (DICRURUS CAERULESCENS), Common

253 Racket-Tailed Drongo, (DICRURUS PARADISEUS CEYLONICUS), Kitulgala

254 Crested Drongo, (DICRURUS PARADISEUS LOPHORHINUS), Sinharaja

255 Sri Lanka Magpie, (UROCISSA ORNATA), Sinharaja

256 House Crow, (CORVUS SPLENDENS), Common

257 Large-Billed Crow, (CORVUS MACRORHYNCHOS), Common